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With the rapid development of technology, 360° panorama on mobile as a very convenient way to present virtual reality has brought a new shopping experience to consumers. Usually, consumers get product information through virtual annotations in 360° panorama and then make a series of shopping behaviors. The visual design of virtual annotation significantly influences users' online visual search for product information. This study aims to investigate the influence of the visual design of virtual annotation on consumers' shopping experience in the online shopping interface of 360° panorama.

A 2 × 3 between-subject design was planned to help explore whether different display model of annotation (i.e. negative polarity and positive polarity) and different background transparency of annotation (i.e. 0% transparency, 25% transparency and 50% transparency) may affect users' task performance and their subjective evaluations.

(1) Virtual annotations with different background transparency affect user performance, and transparency has better visual search performance. (2) Virtual annotation background display mode may affect the user operation performance; the positive polarity of the virtual annotation is more convenient for the users' visual searching for product information. (3) When the annotation background transparency is opaque or semi-transparent, the negative polarity display is more favorable to the users' visual search. However, this situation is reversed when the annotation background transparency is 25%. (4) Participants preferred the presentation of positive polarity virtual annotations. (5) Regarding the degree of willingness to use and ease of understanding, participants preferred the negative polarity display for 0% background transparency or 50% background transparency. However, the opposite result was obtained for 25% background transparency.

The findings generated from the research can be a good reference for the development of virtual annotation visual design for mobile shopping applications.

1. Virtual annotation background transparency and background display mode are two essential attributes of 360° panoramas.

2. This study examined how virtual annotation background transparency and background display mode influence user performance and experience.

3. It is recommended to use a translucent or opaque annotation background with a negative polarity display.

4. Virtual annotation presentation with 25% background transparency facilitates consumer searching and comparison of product information.

5. Users prefer a positive polarity annotation display.

Virtual annotation background transparency and background display mode are two essential attributes of 360° panoramas.

This study examined how virtual annotation background transparency and background display mode influence user performance and experience.

It is recommended to use a translucent or opaque annotation background with a negative polarity display.

Virtual annotation presentation with 25% background transparency facilitates consumer searching and comparison of product information.

Users prefer a positive polarity annotation display.

With continuous concerning on the toxic of element Pb, Pb-free solder was gradually used to replace traditional Sn-Pb solder. However, during the transition period from Sn-Pb to Pb-free solder, mixing of Sn-Pb and Pb-free is inevitable occurred in certain products, and in China where Sn-Pb solder was still used extensively in certain areas especially. Correspondingly, understanding reliability of Sn-Pb solder joints was very important, and further studies were needed.

Thermal shock test between −55°C and 125 °C was conducted on Sn-37Pb solder bumps in the BGA package to investigate the microstructure evolution and the growth mechanism of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer. The effects of thermal shock on the mechanical property and fracture behavior of Sn-37Pb solder bumps were discussed.

Pb-rich phase was coarsened and voids were increased at first; Pb-rich phase was refined and voids were decreased secondly with the increase of thermal shock cycles; the shear strength of solder bumps was slightly decreased after thermal shock, but was back up to 73.67MPa at 2,000 cycles; interfacial IMCs of solder bumps was from typical scallop-type into smooth, the composition of IMCs was from Cu₆Sn₅ into Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₃S_n after thermal shock with 1,500 and 2,000 cycles; 20.0 per cent of solder bumps at 1,500 cycles and 9.5 per cent of solder bumps at 2,000 cycles were failure respectively.

Compared with the board level test method, the impact shear test for the single solder bump is more convenient and economical and is actively pursued by the industries. The shear strength of solder bumps was slightly decreased after thermal shock, but was back up to 73.67 MPa at 2,000 cycles; 20.0 per cent of solder bumps at 1,500 cycles and 9.5 per cent of solder bumps at 2,000 cycles were failure.

In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of applicants seeking placements in undergraduate architecture programs. It is important during the selection phase of admission at universities to identify new intakes who possess the capability to succeed. Admission variable (i.e. prior academic achievement) is one of the most important criteria considered during the selection process. This paper aims to investigates the efficacy of using data mining techniques to predict the academic performance of architecture students based on information contained in prior academic achievement.

The input variables, i.e. prior academic achievement, were extracted from students’ academic records. Logistic regression and support vector machine (SVM) are the data mining techniques adopted in this study. The collected data were divided into two parts. The first part was used for training the model, while the other part was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the developed models.

The results revealed that SVM model outperformed the logistic regression model in terms of accuracy. Taken together, it is evident that prior academic achievement is a good predictor of academic performance of architecture students.

Although the factors affecting academic performance of students are numerous, the present study focuses on the effect of prior academic achievement on academic performance of architecture students.

The developed SVM model can be used as a decision-making tool for selecting new intakes into the architecture program at Nigerian universities.